# k8s Replica Sets
ReplicaSet(RS)是 Replication Controller(RC)的升级版本。ReplicaSet 和 Replication Controller 之间的唯一区别是对选择器的支持。ReplicaSet 支持 labels user guide 中描述的 set-based 选择器要求,而 Replication Controller 仅支持 equality-based 的选择器要求。
# 如何使用 ReplicaSet
大多数 kubectl 支持 Replication Controller 命令的也支持 ReplicaSets。rolling-update 命令除外,如果要使用 rolling-update,请使用 Deployments 来实现。
虽然 ReplicaSets 可以独立使用,但它主要被 Deployments 用作 pod 机制的创建、删除和更新。当使用 Deployment 时,你不必担心创建 pod 的 ReplicaSets,因为可以通过 Deployment 实现管理 ReplicaSets。
# 何时使用 ReplicaSet
ReplicaSet 能确保运行指定数量的 pod。然而,Deployment 是一个更高层次的概念,它能管理 ReplicaSets,并提供对 pod 的更新等功能。因此,我们建议你使用 Deployment 来管理 ReplicaSets,除非你需要自定义更新编排。
这意味着你可能永远不需要操作 ReplicaSet 对象,而是使用 Deployment 替代管理。
# 示例
frontend.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: frontend
# these labels can be applied automatically
# from the labels in the pod template if not set
# labels:
# app: guestbook
# tier: frontend
spec:
# this replicas value is default
# modify it according to your case
replicas: 3
# selector can be applied automatically
# from the labels in the pod template if not set,
# but we are specifying the selector here to
# demonstrate its usage.
selector:
matchLabels:
tier: frontend
matchExpressions:
- {key: tier, operator: In, values: [frontend]}
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: frontend
spec:
containers:
- name: php-redis
image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
env:
- name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
value: dns
# If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to
# instead access environment variables to find service host
# info, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and uncomment the
# line below.
# value: env
ports:
- containerPort: 80
将此配置保存到(frontend.yaml)并提交到 k8s 集群时,将创建定义的 ReplicaSet 及其管理的 pod。
$ kubectl create -f frontend.yaml
replicaset "frontend" created
$ kubectl describe rs/frontend
Name: frontend
Namespace: default
Image(s): gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
Selector: tier=frontend,tier in (frontend)
Labels: app=guestbook,tier=frontend
Replicas: 3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
No volumes.
Events:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
1m 1m 1 {replicaset-controller } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: frontend-qhloh
1m 1m 1 {replicaset-controller } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: frontend-dnjpy
1m 1m 1 {replicaset-controller } Normal SuccessfulCreate Created pod: frontend-9si5l
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
frontend-9si5l 1/1 Running 0 1m
frontend-dnjpy 1/1 Running 0 1m
frontend-qhloh 1/1 Running 0 1m
# ReplicaSet as an Horizontal Pod Autoscaler target
ReplicaSet 也可以作为 Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)的目标。也就是说,一个 ReplicaSet 可以由一个 HPA 来自动伸缩。以下是针对我们在上一个示例中创建的 ReplicaSet 的 HPA 示例。
hpa-rs.yaml |
---|
apiVersion: autoscaling/v1 kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler metadata: name: frontend-scaler spec: scaleTargetRef: kind: ReplicaSet name: frontend minReplicas: 3 maxReplicas: 10 targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 50 |
kubectl create -f hpa-rs.yaml